Glucosamine, a common joint supplement, is one of the building blocks of a major component of cartilage, glycosaminoglycans

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Height scams

We grew 2-4 cm- Alex & Phillip

How to sit w/ iron plates

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I grew 2 inchesFoster’s biking

Old Shinbone Routine (12/20/04)

Ugly truth? Video#1, Video#2

Bone Remodeling proof/video

I grew 0.5 inch- Evan’s story

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I grew 2 inches- Vulcrum’s story

#1 Mentalist- Criss Angel

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Supplements & vitamins

 

How supplements & vitamins help bones to grow & remodel

 
*      Increases Bone Mass And Density
*      Thickens Cartilage, Ligaments, and Tendons
*      Stimulate bone growth
*      Stimulate chondrocytes
*      Stimulate weak electrical currents
*      Nourish cartilage tissue throughout body

 

 

How to take calcium & other supplements for best absorption

 

*      Always take each tablet with a full glass of water with or after a meal.

*      Try not to take 2 or 3 tablets at one time but spread it out over the day. For example, the dose is 1500 mg per day, and this can be divided into 500 mg tablet three times a day. Divide up your doses of calcium. It appears to work more effectively if taken in smaller doses spread out over the day, rather than a large dose all at once.

*      Vitamin D increases calcium absorption by as much as 30 to 80 percent.

*      It’s not necessary but if you have time, take vitamin C at the same time you take a calcium supplement. Or eat a food rich in vitamin C, such as an orange. This helps with the absorption of calcium.

*      Avoid taking iron and calcium together. It reduces the efficacy of both minerals.

*      If you drink alcohol, then do NOT drink while taking supplements because alcohol will reduce the efficacy of minerals. You may drink alcohol but do so in a 4 to 5 hour gap in between so that it won't interfere with the reaction of supplements.

*      Do NOT drink lemonade or any juice that has lemon ingredients in it. Lemon seems to dissolve and reduce the efficacy of drugs and supplements.

*      Decrease or eliminate soft drinks from your diet. They are high in phosphorus, which can cause you to lose calcium. High phosphorus intake can lead to calcium excretion in your urine. As a result, you should avoid sugar drinks (coke, pepsi, mountain dew) and drink as much water as possible.

*      Cut down on junk foods, alcohol, soft drinks, caffeine and white flour. All of these lead to an excessive loss of calcium from your body and a decreased rate of absorption.

*      Do not use calcium supplements if you have kidney stones or a history of kidney stones.

*      Buy liquid-form supplements if you can because the absorption rate is much more effective.

Source: http://www.ehow.com

Note: If you don’t follow the tips above, for every $100 you are spending on nutrients, you are literally flushing about $90 of it down the toilet. Why? because the nutrients will not sufficiently absorb into your body. Normally, 80% of the nutrients will be rapidly eliminated into bloodstream, urine, feces, and body. Thus, your goal is to get as much absorption as you can from each tablet.

 

How does calcium & vitamin D help to grow your shin bone?

Bone growth requires adequate amounts of protein and calcium. Calcium phosphate crystals precipitate and attach to a lattice support as bone grows, forming a calcified extracellular matrix. Bone forms in two patterns, compact and trabecular. Compact bone is dense. Trabecular bone is spongy and has many open spaces between supports of calcified lattice. Osteoblasts produce collagen, enzymes, and other proteins that make up the organic portion of the bone matrix (Silverthorn, 2001).

That is, old bone must be replaced by new bone all the time. Think of your bones as a bank account in which you "deposit" and "withdraw" calcium throughout life. Calcium is a mineral that makes bone dense (thick) and strong. During childhood, the teen years and early adulthood you build your bone bank. The skeleton grows and bones become larger, denser, and stronger especially when you practice bone healthy actions.

Some amazing pictures below should give you a better idea about supplements.



I’m shopping for Calcium/vitamin d, centrum, and glucosamine at Wal-mart.. At Wal-mart, a Calcium 600 mg / Vitamin D 125 IU bottle containing 100 tablets costs about $3.89. Moreover, a Glucosamine 750 mg / Chondroitin 600 mg bottle containing 80 tablets costs about $17.96. Lastly, a liquid-form Centrum bottle costs about $7.96. The manufacturer is Spring Valley (a very reputable & quality company who has received amazing reviews from Wal-mart customers & other physicians).

Vitamin D is necessary to grow, build, and maintain strong bones. It helps your body absorb and use calcium. Vigorous exercise and healthful diet with adequate calcium & vitamin D are essential in achieving sufficient bone mass during the bone adaptation process.

Vitamin D is well known as a hormone involved in mineral metabolism and bone growth. Its most dramatic effect is to facilitate intestinal absorption of calcium, although it also stimulates absorption of phosphate and magnesium ions. In the absence of vitamin D, dietary calcium is not absorbed at all efficiently.It is important to follow your medical professional’s advice and not to exceed 2000 IU of vitamin D from diet and/or supplements without a prescription.

How much calcium is recommended each day?

Daily Recommended Intake for Calcium

Age (years)

Calcium (mg*/day)

1 – 3

500 mg

4 – 8

800 mg

9 – 18

1300 mg

19 – 50

1000 mg

51 or older

1200 mg

*mg = milligrams
(Dietary Reference Intakes, National Academy of Science, 1997)

How much Vitamin D is recommended each day?

Age (years)

Vitamin D (IU/day)*

Birth to age 50

200

51-70

400

71 and older

600

*IU = international units/day
Dietary Reference Intakes, National Academy of Sciences, 1997


Your body uses all the supplements best when it is spread out over the day taken with
food. For best absorption, most experts recommend consuming 500mg of calcium or less at one time.

Source: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/osteo/calcium.htm

http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/osteo/promote.htm

http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/osteo/promote.htm

http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/osteo/vitd.htm

Why does glucosamine & chondroitin make a difference?

Glucosamine, a common joint supplement, is one of the building blocks of a major component of cartilage, glycosaminoglycans. The theory is that Glucosamine, if available in high quantities from supplements, will help to stimulate cartilage growth. It is often combined with Chondroitin, another of the cartilage building blocks.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin together
help cartilage to re-grow and stay strong and healthy. They restore cartilage tissue, and have some anti-inflammatory abilities. It may take from 2 weeks to 4 months before you see a noticeable improvement because they are 7not pain-killers.

In remodeling, complex chemical signals prompt cells called osteoclasts to break down and remove (resorb) old bone, and others called osteoblasts to deposit new bone. Many elements influence remodeling. Among them: weight-bearing, vitamin D, growth factors, prostaglandins, and various hormones, including estrogen, thyroid, parathyroid, and calcitonin.

What is the recommended dose of Glucosamine? - The maximum recommended dose is 1500 mg per day. This can be taken as a single dose or divided into 500 mg three times a day. Take 3 tablets everyday for the first 60 days. After that, take 1 to 3 tablets everyday to maintain the balance of glucosamine in the body (maintenance level). It is not necessary to take more than needed after the 2 months of consuming.

What is the recommended dose of glucosamine and chondroitin?

·        The usual recommended dose of glucosamine is 1500 mg in divided doses; and chondroitin is 1200 mg in divided doses.

How does a multi-vitamin help to grow your shin bone?

Bones are richly supplied with blood from periosteal vessels. Bone growth requires adequate amounts of protein and calcium. A multi-vitamin has all the vitamins, proteins, & nutrients that the body needs.

 

How is Ryan presently taking?

Supplements

Ryan’s dosage schedule

1 tablet: 500 mg Calcium / 125 IU Vitamin D

Ryan takes 1 tablet four times everyday
(morning, afternoon, evening, night)

Liquid-form supplement: Glucosamine / Chondroitin & other ingredients

Solid-form supplement: MSM

He takes 3 teaspoons three times everyday
(morning, evening, night)

He takes 2 tablets everyday
(afternoon, evening)


Liquid-form Centrum multi-vitamin

He takes 2 teaspoons of Centrum everyday
(morning or night)


Note: Ryan is currently trying liquid-form glucosamine Synflex.. however, he may try another liquid-form glucosamine Flexicose next month to see which one works better. MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) is another supplement that he’s taking so to stimulate cartilage production. There are very few liquid-form supplements on the market that prove effectively. You should do a careful research on Yahoo.com to find the one that’s quality & affordable.

How are Juan & other experimenters are presently taking?

Vitamins & Supplements

Juan & others’ dosage schedule

1 tablet: 500 mg Calcium / 125 IU Vitamin D

Juan & others take 1 tablet four times everyday
(morning, afternoon, evening, night)

1 tablet: 500 mg Glucosamine / 400 mg Chondroitin

They take 1 tablet four times everyday
(morning, afternoon, evening, night)

1 Centrum multi-vitamin tablet

They take 1 tablet everyday
(morning or night)


Note: Juan & other experimenters are currently using pill/capsule-form supplements. However, they recently learn about the benefits of liquid-form supplements from Ryan. Thus, they may try liquid-form supplements next month.

Ryan’s explanation

 

*      Normally, your body absorbs about 20% of the nutrients from 1 calcium / vitamin D tablet. And the rest 80% of the nutrients excretes out of the body in urine & feces. Likewise, glucosamine / chondroitin are rapidly eliminated into bloodstream and the body. Thus, the only purpose that we increase the dose strength than the average recommended dose and take 1 tablet 4 times everyday because we want these vitamins and supplements to absorb better into the body.

*    Ryan, Juan, and other experimenters increase the dose strength a little bit and are currently taking 1 tablet of 500 mg calcium / 125 IU vitamin D four (4) times everyday (total 2000 mg Calcium / 500 IU Vitamin D).

*    Juan & other experiments take 1 tablet of 500 mg glucosamine / 400 mg chondroitin four (4) times everyday (total 2000 mg Glucosamine / 1600 mg Chondroitin). On the other hand, Ryan is taking liquid-form glucosamine.

*    Finally, we take 1 multi-vitamin tablet (Centrum - A to Zinc) everyday.

*    For better absorption, we always take these vitamins and supplements with a large glass of water with or after a meal.

*    During the 6-month exercise applying the Shin Bone Million Dollar Routine, we continue to take 2000 mg Calcium / 500 IU Vitamin D in divided doses.

 

*    On the other hand, after the first 2 months of exercise, we decrease the dose strength and take 1 tablet of 500 mg glucosamine / 400 mg chondroitin two (2) times everyday. It is not useful to continue taking more glucosamine & chondroitin because the body is already at the maintenance level. However, it is necessary to continue taking 2000 mg calcium / 500 IU vitamin D in divided doses because the body needs to absorb such minerals to support the bone adaptation process.


Be careful:
It is important NOT to overdose because it may be harmful. It is important not to consume more than 2500 mg of calcium per day; high calcium intakes on a regular basis may not be safe. Except kidney stone (a rare disease), thus far, there are no major side-effect reports about these supplements.

 

Any person following the information on this page does so entirely at his or her own risk. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, treatment, or diagnosis. No person is to be held responsible for the use / misuse of this information. If you have any questions or doubts, PLEASE immediately seek counseling from your physician or other qualified health provider. Never disregard or ignore professional medical advice because of something you have read on this site!

Do not waste money: Glucosamine sulphate has a large and complex molecular structure - too large to pass easily through the small pores in the capillary walls. It just doesn't get to where it's needed, it stays in the blood only to be filtered out by the body's waste system! Most glucosamine supplements do work, but only in a limited way. Most of the ingredients pass through the body... and out again. Source: http://www.natural-animal-health.co.uk/glucosamine.htm. As a result, it is very important that you must find a respectable manufacturer who has a good reputation. As for me, I’m using Syn-Flex only because this product is recommended by Ryan Lucas.. I’ll try it for a month and report back its results.

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Below are some of the best articles that I’ve collected about the phenomenon of liquid-form supplements.

 

by: Ryan Lucas (ryan@virante.com)
Subject: Glucosamine
Newsgroups: misc.health.arthritis, alt.support.arthritis
Date: 2002-06-03 21:37:48 PST
His original post on: Google groups

Source: Link 1 & Link 2

 

 

Throw Away Your Glucosamine Pills and Capsules...

Glucosamine Delivered in a Liquid Form Shown to be More Effective

What is glucosamine?

Glucosamine is beneficial in the treatment for osteoarthritis in both humans and pets. It has been proven effective in easing osteoarthritis pain, rehabilitating cartilage, renewing synovial fluid, and repairing joints that have been damaged from osteoarthritis.

Each person produces a certain amount of glucosamine within their bodies. When people grow older, their bodies lose the capacity to make enough glucosamine, so the cartilage in their weight-bearing joints, such as the hips, knees, and hands is destroyed, then hardens and forms bone spurs, causing pain, deformed joints, and limited joint movement.

This news was first discovered in the early 80's in the European medical community. By the end of the 1990's, numerous double-blind, placebo controlled, glucosamine studies had been published, all reporting that glucosamine was indeed very beneficial in the treatment of osteoarthritis, and that it was safe for long term use.

With such great news spreading very quickly, the glucosamine industry became very large. Almost every major nutraceutical or vitamin company put out a glucosamine product, and today it can be bought in just about every food store, health food store, vitamin store, wellness clinic, and chiropractors office.

However, in the rush to gain market share with their glucosamine product, companies often put out products with little regard to the quality of the product being produced. They rushed to the market and did not take the time to do essential things like perform lab analysis on their products. They put out medium or low grade glucosamine products to save money; and they put the glucosamine in pill or capsule form.

They tell you that all glucosamine products are the same. First thing you must know--they are not. All glucosamine products are not the same. There are five main factors that you need to analyze when selecting a glucosamine product. These are:

  • Amount of glucosamine per daily dose
  • Type of Glucosamine
  • Quality of Ingredients
  • Delivery System
  • Synergistic Ingredients
  • Price Per Day

One of the most important of these factors is the system of delivery. In their rush to the market in 1999, 2000, and 2001, the very large majority of companies simply put their glucosamine in pill or capsule form. However, with glucosamine and all other vitamins and supplements, it is a well known that liquids are absorbed faster and more effectively than solids. Absorption is a very important thing to look at simply because if you are not absorbing the glucosamine, you will not have any relief whatsoever no matter how much you take.

The Science Backing Liquid Glucosamine

Early in 1998, the first tests on liquid glucosamine were completed. These test showed clearly that the absorption rate and bio-availability of the glucosamine in pills is significantly less than that when glucosamine is delivered in liquid form. The "claimed fact" that pills are the only and best way to obtain glucosamine is simply not true. Pills and capsules contain glucosamine that is in powder form. It is a well known fact that liquid is absorbed much better than powder.

According to the Physician's Desk Reference "only 10 to 20% of vitamins and minerals in any pill form is absorbed by the human body." Furthermore, the National Advisory Board states that 100 MG consumed in tablet form translates to a minute stabilized 8.3 MG or 8.3% concentrated in the blood, as compared to 98% in liquid form.

Simply put, glucosamine provided in liquid form is absorbed more quickly, much more fully, and provides greater, longer lasting relief. You see, if you are taking 1500 mg of glucosamine in capsule form, and you absorb 20% of this, you are really only getting 300mg of this actually absorbed into your bloodstream. However, if you take 1250mg of glucosamine in liquid form, 98% of which is absorbed, you are getting a full 1225 mg of glucosamine actually absorbed into your system per day which will provide much fuller relief, much more quickly.

Instead of receiving some relief in 6-10 weeks (many people receive no relief at all) with glucosamine in powder form from capsules, those who use a high quality liquid glucosamine formula can expect to notice results in about 7-14 days. As the pain eases, the liquid glucosamine also assists in the rehabilitation of the cartilage by renewing the supply of synovial fluid by producing the molecule nutrient protogylcans.

Furthermore, for those who do not like to swallow pills, liquid glucosamine is much easier to take. So, what are the leading liquid glucosamine products out there and how do they stack up? Click on the link below to view our recommendations for liquid glucosamine products.

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Special Report: What You Need To Know Before You Buy Glucosamine

Glucosamine is very promising for relief of arthritis pain and is backed by numerous double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. In these studies, glucosamine has been shown to rehabilitate cartilage and reduce the progression of osteoarthritis, and significantly lessen pain from arthritis. However, one glucosamine product can be very different from another.

When your pain relief and health is at stake, you need to know how to choose between competing products and see through the marketing hype. There are five factors that you need to take into your consideration before purchasing any glucosamine product. These are:

  • Amount of glucosamine per daily dose
  • Quality of Ingredients
  • Delivery System
  • Synergistic Ingredients
  • Price Per Day

The method of delivery can make the difference between no pain relief and complete pain relief. Most products in the store shelves today are in capsule and pill form. However, the latest research has shown that glucosamine in liquid form is much more effective. Glucosamine provided in liquid form is absorbed more quickly, much more fully, and provides greater and longer lasting relief.

Simply put, the higher quality of glucosamine you use, the greater your relief will be. Many companies use low or medium grade glucosamine. Therefore, you must be careful to look for the highest quality (pharmaceutical quality) if you want the fastest, fullest relief and healing.

As far as dosage, if taking glucosamine in capsule form, you will need at least 1500mg per day. However, if taking glucosamine in liquid form, because of the very high absorption rate, you will not need a full 1500mg. 1000-1250mg per day of high quality glucosamine in liquid form is optimal.

It is important to compare price per day and not price per product, as many companies try to fool you by providing 60 capsules or 32 oz. and not telling you until after you purchased that you must use 6 capsules or 2 oz. per day. Be careful to always compare price per day.

Also crucial to the effectiveness of the product is the other ingredients that are included in the product. Glucosamine alone, for most people is simply not enough. To receive truly complete relief you need to look for products that combine a number of arthritis fighting ingredients. You should look for a product that besides glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine HCL, also contains arthritis-fighting ingredients such as chondroitin, boswellin, bromelain, omega 3 & 6 essential fatty acids (fish oils), yucca, manganese, and vitamins A, C, and E.

As a review, when buying glucosamine, look for a product that:
1. is a liquid
2. uses pharmaceutical quality liquid glucosamine
3. has a number of other synergistic ingredients besides glucosamine.

After a review of the leading glucosamine products on the market today, our current recommendation is Syn-flex, a pharmaceutical quality liquid glucosamine formula that contains both glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine HCL, chondroitin and ten other synergistic ingredients. For more information on liquid-form supplement, visit Syn-flex website.

 

 


by: David Friedman

Liquid vitamins: The wave of the future

Source: Google groups

Note: Friedman is a certified Doctor of Naturopathy and a board qualified chiropractic neurologist. He has published articles in various chiropractic journals and writes a monthly nutritional newspaper column called "Health Talk."

 

My views on nutrition changed one day a few years ago when a patient came in and told me that she was having her septic tank repaired. She told me what was causing the blockage of hundreds of undigested vitamin pills, some of them with the brand names still readable. After hearing this disturbing news, I did some research of my own. I found in Tacoma Washington, 250,000 pounds of undigested vitamin and mineral pills are pulled out of the sewers every six weeks. In Salt Lake City, over 150 gallons of vitamin and Mineral pills show up in their filters every month.

 

The reason is due to high metallic content of these pills. Metallic minerals like oyster shells, carbonates, oxides and dolomites have the consistency of crushed up rocks, which our bodies were not designed to digest. Even those pills listed as "all natural" often have added fillers and coatings that inhibit absorption.

 

The Physician's Desk Reference (page 1542) shows that vitamins and minerals in a pill form are only 10 to 20% absorbed by the body. That means for every $100 you are spending on nutrients, you are literally flushing about $90 of it down the toilet. Because of this lack of absorption, companies must use mega dose of nutrients and this can cause a taxation on the kidneys. According to the National Advisory Board, 100 mg consumed

in a tablet form translates to a minute stabilized 8.3mg concentration in the blood.

 

Upon realizing nutrients in pill form leave much to be desired, I started to eliminate them from my inventory and started exclusively selling a liquid nutrient. I admit figuring out just which supplements to carry in your office can often be a task. For example, if you recommend calcium to your patients they must also take magnesium. Then for magnesium and calcium to properly absorb they also need boron. In order for all of these to properly assimilate, amino acids are required. Studies show vitamin E is very helpful in preventing heart disease, but current research shows to maintain normal blood concentrations of vitamin E, your patients must take zinc. However, if they take zinc, a proper balance of copper and vitamin C is essential. After taking over 20 different nutrients myself and recommending a giant handful per day to my patients, I knew there had to be a better way. Nutritional drinks and oral sprays offer a 98% absorption rate because they bypass the digestive process and go directly into the blood stream and into the cell within a matter of minutes. In fact, tests from Massachusetts General Hospital have shown higher blood concentrations of insulin by oral liquid application. Even injections will take the insulin 30 minutes longer to reach the same blood levels. Not only are liquid nutrients more convenient, they also allow those with irritable bowel syndrome, hiatus hernias and diverticulitis to take nutrients that may have irritated them in a pill

Or capsule form.

 

I was impressed with oral sprays, but I find them very hard to sell with a price ranging from $19 to $36 for just one vitamin, and each is sold separately. I researched virtually every liquid nutrient on the market and only recommend liquid drinks that derive their nutrients from organic sea vegetation. Sea vegetables have tremendous nutritional value for human consumption and are quickly finding their way into the market place.

 

Our bodies consist of approximately 70% water. Not ordinary water, but salt water. The human body contains the same salts that exist in the ocean in almost the exact proportions. Both the ocean water and the water within us contains 80% sodium, 4% calcium, 4% potassium and 12% sulfur. Unlike minerals from the ground, nutrients from the sea are recognized by our cell receptors and are allowed access into our cells. Sea vegetation offers ionic minerals, which experts consider to be assimilated better than any other form. Because sea vegetables are from the ocean, they form a great matrix

when suspended in a liquid product and they don't settle to the bottom.

I have sold many nutritional products in my office over the past nine years. In one month, I heard more positive testimonies from patients taking their nutrition from a liquid source than all the nutrients I have ever sold combined! I can not keep the product stocked and often have people sitting in my waiting room for UPS to deliver more bottles. I never saw this type of response when I sold tablets, capsules or pills. I feel liquid nutrients

Are like a computer and pills are like a typewriter. Once someone types a letter

on a computer and sees how superior it is, they never want to touch a typewriter again.

 

---------- END EXCERPT -----------

 

 


by: Sheri L. Johnson, “sea-health” (sheri@hisword.com)

SeaSilver Independent Business Associate
Subject: Liquid Nutritional Supplements offer 98% absorption at the cellular level

Newsgroups: alt.health

Date: 2003-06-06 10:48:53 PST
Original post: Google Groups

 

 

Are you shocked to learn that you only absorb about 10% of the vitamins and minerals you take in pill form? The Physicians Desk Reference (page 1542) states this as a fact. Even pills listed as "all natural" often have added fillers and coatings that inhibit absorption. What this means is that for every $100 you are spending on nutrients, you are literally flushing about $90 of it down the toilet. Because of this lack of absorption, vitamin companies are creating mega doses of nutrients and this can cause taxation on the kidneys. I overheard Dr. David Friedman telling a story about one of his chiropractic patients who was late for her appointment because she was having her septic tank repaired. She told him the blockage was caused by hundreds of undigested vitamin pills, some of them with the brand names still readable on them. After he heard this he did some further research and discovered that all across our country cities are pulling thousands of undigested vitamin pills from their sewers. In Salt Lake City, over 150 gallons of vitamin and mineral pills show up in their filters every month. The reason is due to the high metallic content of these pills. Metallic minerals like oyster shells, carbonates, oxides, and dolomites have the consistency of crushed up rocks, which our bodies are not designed to digest.

 

The solution to this problem is to use a liquid nutrient that would replace the multiple pills that most people take on a daily basis. A nutrient in liquid form offers a 98% absorption rate because it bypasses the digestive process and goes directly into the bloodstream, reaching the cells within a matter of minutes. In fact, tests from Massachusetts General Hospital have shown higher blood concentrations of insulin by oral liquid application. Injections will take the insulin 30 minutes longer to reach the same blood levels. Not only is a liquid nutrient more convenient, but it also allows those with stomach and digestive problems to take nutrients that would have irritated them in a pill form. The news about the low absorption rate of pills is spreading fast and even the best selling vitamin distributor Centrum has released a multivitamin in liquid form. Nutrients in a liquid form will, within the next five years, revolutionize the entire nutritional market.

 

 


By:
Arthritis & Glucosamine Resource Center
contact: info@arthritis-glucosamine.net

Source: http://www.arthritis-glucosamine.net/glucosamine/glucosamine-buy.html

 

Source: http://www.arthritis-glucosamine.net/glucosamine/science/glucosamine-studies.html

 

 

Glucosamine Studies and Research

Glucosamine works to stimulate joint function and repair. It is most effective in battling osteoarthritis, the most prevalent type of arthritis. A number of studies over the last 20 years have shown this. For example, a 1982 clinical study compared usage of the NSAID ibuprofen with glucosamine sulfate, for osteoarthritis of the knee. During the first two weeks, ibuprofen decreased pain faster, but by the fourth week the glucosamine group was well ahead in pain relief. The overall results showed 44% of the glucosamine group had pain relief compared to 15% for ibuprofen. Because glucosamine is not an anti-inflammatory drug, it takes longer to start working, but it works equally well.

Another 1982 open trial study with 252 doctors and 1,506 patients conducted in Portugal provided good clinical information on appropriate dosage and usage of glucosamine sulfate for osteoarthritis. For 50 days, patients took 500 mg of glucosamine sulfate three times a day. The results showed 95% of the patients benefited from the supplement, as it reduced their pain whether they were resting, standing, or exercising. This study also showed the effects of glucosamine on obese patients, however, they may require higher dosages to offset the joints' reaction to the stress from obesity. Those patients also taking diuretics or suffering from peptic ulcers were also studied regarding the effect of, and their tolerance to, glucosamine. The former might require higher dosages and the latter need to take glucosamine with food.

In a more recent 2000 study at the Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, in Ziffrin, 57 patients with osteoarthritis in the knee were treated randomly for four weeks with glucosamine sulfate intravenously combined with an 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate daily, or with a placebo. As in the 1982 study, a record was kept of their knee pain when at rest, standing, or moving. No reduction of symptoms occurred with the placebo group, but the glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate group showed much reduction of symptoms in all activity/nonactivity functions. This latter group also showed no negative reactions or any change in their blood tests. The study concluded that glucosamine sulfate is safe for long-term osteoarthritis treatment.

Another osteoarthritis study of the knee, in 1999 at the University of Liege in Belgium, involved 212 patients worldwide. These patients were randomly given either glucosamine or a placebo for three years. The patients' pain was measured every four months and x-rays were taken of their knees. The placebo group had more pain and narrowed joints, while the glucosamine group had no narrowing of joints and their condition improved. This was one of the first studies to show how glucosamine works by stopping the joints from narrowing. It was also the first long-term study conducted.

Since then, the University of Utah received a $6.6 million grant (September 1999) from the National Institutes of Health for another major ongoing glucosamine study.

Harvard Medical School conducted a somewhat unorthodox study where patients scheduled for hip surgery were given ground chicken bone supplements. After two weeks of taking these supplements, their pain was reduced considerably.